Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex hormonal condition that can be associated with problems such as irregular menstrual cycles, excessive facial and body hair growth, acne, obesity and reduced fertility. It affects 12-18% of women of reproductive age. Symptoms of PCOS include excess hair (hirsutism), scalp hair loss, acne, weight gain, difficulties with fertility, increased anxiety and depression and irregular or infrequent periods.
Other health problems associated with PCOS include metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Medical history, examination, blood tests and ultrasounds are used to diagnose PCOS. A diagnosis can be made when at least two out of three of the following criteria are met:
Ovaries
12 or more follicles visible on at least one ovary, or
The size of one or both ovaries is increased
Androgen
High levels of male hormones (androgens) in the blood (hyperandrogenism)
Symptoms suggesting high levels of male hormones (e.g. excess hair growth and acne) are present
Menstrual problems
Lack of menstrual periods, menstrual irregularity and/or lack of ovulation. Menstrual problems can make it more difficult for women with PCOS to conceive naturally, though many women with PCOS have children without the need for medical infertility treatment.
Many women with PCOS have difficulty managing their weight and increased weight can result in an increase in physical symptoms. Excess weight gain can also put women at an increased risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Depression and anxiety are commonly experienced with PCOS. Nearly half of all women with PCOS will have anxiety, and one third will have depression. This may be due to hormones or the effect of symptoms such as hair growth, weight and acne.
Exercise, nutrition and lifestyle interventions can play an important role in reducing these health risks in women with PCOS. If you would like advice about exercise and reducing health risks associated with PCOS, contact us at Whittlesea Physiotherapyand our Exercise physiologist can assist creating the right exercise plan for you.